Also, the Sudanese Foreign Ministry later held the Egyptian side accountable for failure of these negotiations. Therefore, a negotiated position that favours Ethiopia is likely to be reached once it becomes politically palatable enough inside Egypt. However, it also makes useful concessions to Egypt which it may wish to press. At 6,000 MW, the dam will be the largest hydroelectric power plant in Africa when completed at 2017(IPoE, 2013). (2017). This article considers water security in the context of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (the Dam). This includes Sudan, another downstream nation that one might assume would oppose its construction. Moreover, after the completion of the GERD, Egypt could run short of water if the operation of the GERD was not carefully coordinated with that of the AHD. The disadvantages for Egypt and Sudan are the possibility of reduced river flow, although this is only really a problem during the years of filling the dam. Ethiopia rejects Arab League resolution on Renaissance Dam In June 2020, tensions escalated when Ethiopia declared its intent to fill the dam in July without an agreement, which again led to Egypt and Sudan requesting UNSC intervention on the matter (Kandeel, 2020). Why the Nile could see a 'water war'. The dispute has prompted numerous international interventions, including by Gulf Arab states, which have issued political statements and led mediation efforts. It merely provides at Article III that Ethiopia undertakes not to construct any work across the Blue Nile, Lake Tsana, or the Sobat which would arrest the flow of their waters into the Nile. In other words, Ethiopia only agreed that it would not completely stop the flow of tributaries into the Nile. In turn, Egypt water policy and management should be changes or modified to overcome the great challenges. Moreover, with GERD, Ethiopia opts for a hydropower expansion strategy on the Blue Nile, and not an irrigation strategy. In the modern era, the US used water to blackmail Egypt. "The Israeli installation of the missile system around the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam was completed after the Israeli work began in May 2019, considering that it is the first Israeli air defense system abroad that can launch (two types of missiles), the first with a range of 5 km, and the second with a range of 50 kilometer". That seems unlikely given that the DoP concerns the Dam alone and was agreed only between Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan; whereas the Nile Waters Treaties concern the whole Nile Basin and involve many more states. Cooperation among the three countries has never been more important as demand for water rises, she added, due to factors such as population growth, urbanization and industrialization. Water scarcity is a growing problem. Ethiopias dam-construction strategy threatens not only Kenyas water-resource development efforts but also Somalias water security, as is evidenced by Ethiopias development plans for the Jubba and Shebelle Rivers. Trilateral talks mediated by the United States and World Bank from November 2019 to February 2020 collapsed as Ethiopia rejected a binding agreement with Egypt and Sudan on the filling and operation of the GERD, which led to both downstream countries requesting intervention from the UN Security Council (UNSC) in May 2020 (Kandeel, 2020). Second, as also noted above, the Dam is to be used for electricity generation, not irrigation. per year, that would constitute a drought and, according to Egypt and Sudan, Ethiopia would have to release some of the water in the dams reservoir to deal with the drought. They can also cause dispute and heartachefor example, over damage to. The Danger of Multi-Party Democracy and Free Elections in Plural Societies Recognizing the Muslim Brotherhood as a Legitimate Player in Egyptian Politics was a Big Mistake Ethiopian Partnering with ASKY to Establish West African Cargo Hub Ethiopia and China's ZTE singed $800 million mobile deal H and M to build factories in Ethiopia If Egyptian authorities refuse to abandon these anachronistic treatieswhich have created untenable water-use rights that benefit only itself and Sudanall parties will remain at an impasse. At this point, though, the GERD is nearly completed, and so Egypt has shifted its position to trying to secure a political agreement over the timetable for filling the GERDs reservoir and how the GERD will be managed, particularly during droughts. However, for the reasons given above, the Nile Waters Treaties are unlikely to be considered territorial treaties. (2011). We do know that Ethiopia is already seeing longer droughts and worse floods. Disputes over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) Ethiopia - Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) - Hydropower Ethiopia says second filling of Renaissance Dam complete As stipulated by an Agreement of 1959 (see:Nile Main Conflict), Egypt and Sudan presented for several decades a common position vis--vis other riparians regarding the utilisation and management of Nile waters. An Ethiopian national flag is seen at the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam in Guba, Ethiopia, on February 19, 2022. Crucially, however, neither Egypt nor Ethiopia are parties to the Watercourses Convention and so they are not bound by its terms. Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Downstream Countries The official narrative is that Ethiopia can uproot poverty and bring about a definitive end to social and economic underdevelopment by means of the construction of a series of mega-dams combined with the development of the national energy infrastructure. Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam: Ending Africa's Oldest Geopolitical Rivalry? (PDF) The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Evaluating Its Elliot Winter is a lecturer (assistant professor) in international law at Newcastle University in the United Kingdom. Egypt, which lies 1,600 miles downstream of the Dam, believes its operation will reduce the amount of fresh water available to it from the Nile. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam will have negative impacts not only on Egypt but also on poor communities in Ethiopia as well as on its Nile Basin neighbours Ethiopia's strategy for dam construction goes far beyond developmental goals. Already, the United States has threatened to withhold development aid to Ethiopia if the conflict is not resolved and an agreement reached. Al Jazeera (2020). Ethiopia should get its fair share of water that originates in Ethiopia. Both countries are concerned that without a clear and binding agreement with Ethiopia, the latter will have full control of the passage of water from the GERD during droughts, which would be devastating to the lives of millions in Egypt and Sudan. In terms of the old or anachronistic law, two of the Nile Water Treaties do not bind Ethiopia meanwhile the third does not actually preclude the construction of a dam. In the absence of the application of the Watercourses Convention, various other legal arrangements and political declarations must be considered to gain an understanding of the regulation of the Dam and the Nile River more generally. Security implications of growing water scarcity in Egypt. Ethiopia, Egypt, Sudan reach 'major common understanding' on dam. General view of the talks on Hidase Dam, built on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia, between Sudan and Egypt in Khartoum, Sudan on October 04, 2019. (DOC) Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam - Academia.edu In contrast, other watercourse states on the Nile have lent their support to the Dam. In any event, the dispute remains. This agreement could pave the way for a more detailed cooperation framework, and represents a major step toward dispute resolution. Lastly, over-year storage facilities upstream in Ethiopia will allow Sudan to increase its water use. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam | International Rivers On Foes and Flows: Vulnerabilities, Adaptive Capacities and Transboundary Relations in the Nile River Basin in Times of Climate Change. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam - ArcGIS StoryMaps The Tripartite National Council (TNC) was then established, consisting of members from each of the three countries with the aim of carrying through the IPoE's recommendations (Attia & Saleh, 2021). By Ambassador Gurjit Singh*. The latter, in Article 2(4), allocated acquired rights of 66% of Nile water to Egypt and 22% to Sudan (with the remaining 12% attributed to leakage). Egypt and Ethiopia have once again locked horns over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile. Another difficulty for Egypt is that making this argument (i.e. Downstream countries Egypt and Sudan have expressed concerns over the impacts of the dam on their water supply. This paper discusses the challenges and benefits of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which is under construction and expected to be operational on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia in a few years. Revisiting hydro-hegemony from a benefitsharing perspective: the case of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. It and several other large dams in Ethiopia could turn the country into Africa's hydropower hub. Kandeel, A. The United States is Committed to Egypt's Water Security and Advancing Despite the controversy and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam's effect on Egypt and Sudan, it appears that the Ethiopian government will continue to move forward with filling the dam.
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